We also recommend that you purchase both of these coverages unless your car is very old-and not worth more than a couple thousand dollars-or you can afford to pay out-of-pocket whatever amount might be required to repair or replace your vehicle. Tip: Although collision and comprehensive coverage are optional by law, your vehicle's leasing or financing company (if applicable) may require that you have it. ![]() What are collision and comprehensive coverage?Ĭollision coverage helps pay for the cost of repairing or replacing your vehicle up to the actual cash value if it collides with another vehicle another vehicle, the ground, or an object in or on the ground (such as a guard rail).Ĭomprehensive coverage helps pay for the cost of repairing or replacing your vehicle up to the actual cash value if it is damaged by unexpected situations such as falling or flying objects, vandalism, fire, theft or attempted theft, a natural disaster, or a riot or civil disturbance (but not collision). Plus, if you are leasing or financing a vehicle, your leasing company or lien holder may require at least that much coverage to protect their interests. Tip: At RBC Insurance, we strongly recommend that you purchase at least $1 million in coverage. While every province requires a certain amount of liability coverage, the minimum amount required is unlikely to be enough if the courts order you to pay a substantial amount of money in damages. In this type of situation, your insurance would pay any legitimate claims against you up to the limits of your liability coverage and also pay for expenses related to settling the claims. Liability coverage, also called third-party or civil liability coverage, helps protect you financially if you or another driver on your policy are found legally liable for injuring someone or causing damage to another person's property or automobile while operating a vehicle. Dev.Every car insurance policy includes protection against third-party liability-and for good reason. Vasconcellos Araújo, M., Luna, F., Barbosa, E., Farias Neto, S., Lima, A.: Numerical study of oil flow in tee junction with leaks. Islam, M., Basak, A., Sarkar, M.: Study of minor loss coefficient of flexible pipes for different bend angles and different bend radius by experiment and simulation. 7(1), 82–90 (2016)įalconi Borba, M., et al.: Model of pressure losses in pipes during the transport of heavy oil with 11 API gravity. Kumar, R., Sankar, G., Mandal, A., Naiya, T.: Studies on emulsified crude oil flow through horizontal pipeline. Liu, J., Mou, C., Song, K., Luo, P., He, L., Bai, X.: A fast calculation model for local head loss of non-darcian flow in flexural crack. 47(3), 332–339 (2015)Ĭox, A.: What are communities of practice? a comparative review of four seminal works. Park, J., Cho, Y., Kim, S., Lee, J.: Estimation of leak rate through circumferential cracks in pipes in nuclear power plants. Kamal, K., Ali, J.A.: Modeling the flow of crude oil in cracked pipeline. Sensors 19(11), 1–36 (2019)įrost, W.H.: Minor loss coefficients for storm drain modeling with SWMM. Golmohamadi, M.: Pipeline leak detection, Master thesis, Missouri University of Science and Technology (2015)Īdegboye, M., Fung, W., Karnik, A.: Recent advances in pipeline monitoring and oil leakage detection technologies: principles and approaches. Colorado State University (2014)Īl-tameemi, W., Office, P., Ricco, P.: Pressure-loss coefficient of 90 deg sharp-angled miter elbows. Contact email: A., Bastos, L., Behm, J.: Minor Losses in Pipes. The abstract must contain con-spicuous acknowledgment of IPPTC. ![]() Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words illustrations may not be copied. ![]() Elec-tronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of IPPTC Technical Committee is prohibited. Papers presented at the Conference are subject to publi-cation review by Professional Committee of Petroleum Engineering of IPPTC Technical Committee. The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the IPPTC Committee, its members. Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the IPPTC Committee and are subject to correction by the author(s). This paper was selected for presentation by the IPPTC Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). This paper was prepared for presentation at International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Confer-ence 2022 held online between 12-13 October 2022. Copyright 2022, IPPTC Organizing Committee
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